Benito Mussolini


Through the use of propaganda and absolute control of the media, Mussolini replaced Italy’s democratic government, developing the idea of fascism and ruling as dictator of his country for over 20 years.


Mussolini was born into a family of revolutionary socialists and he is believed to have been named after the Mexican radical, Benito Juarez. In his formative years, he followed the socialist teachings of Marxism, before shifting to nationalism after his call-up for WWI.


He returned to Italy and founded the Fascist Party in 1919. Utilising force and intimidation against political opponents, he rose to rule Italy in 1922. Known as Il Duce - the leader - Mussolini’s dictatorship concentrated on improving public services, like transport.


His early leadership was admired by many, including Winston Churchill. However, Mussolini's Fascist state also provided inspiration for Hitler's economic and political policies a decade later.


In the 1930s, Italy invaded Ethiopia and Albania and, in 1939, Mussolini coupled itself with Nazi Germany.

Italy's failures in the war led to Mussolini being removed from government. After the war, he was arrested, tried, and executed.